outline
50th state of the United States. It is located 3,857 km west of San Francisco. The capital is Honolulu. There was a kingdom of Polynesians, but after fighting with the western powers, it became a protectorate of the United States, became a territory of the United States in 1900, and became the 50th state of the United States in 1959. There is a base for the US Pacific Fleet. Although agriculture mainly consists of sugar cane, it is also famous as a tourist destination due to its natural beauty.
geography and nature
The Hawaiian Islands are made up of eight major islands and 124 smaller islands, formed by a series of volcanic peaks rising out of the sea. In the juvenile terrain, it is relatively hemispherical, and in the older areas there are deep grooved sheer cliffs, caves, deep valleys and coastal plains. The terrain is generally rough, so basins and lakes are rare.
Hawaii has a temperate tropical climate, which is often described as an ideal climate. The average temperature of Honolulu, a bustling city, is 22~26℃, and the mountainous areas are very cool, especially in winter. The rainfall varies greatly from region to region. The average annual rainfall of Mount Waialeale, which is called the world’s most rainfall region, is 1,280 mm, but less than 230 mm in Kawaiha.
history
The indigenous people of Hawaii were Polynesians who arrived from the Marquesas Islands, and it is estimated that they had already arrived in the Hawaiian Islands around 400 AD, and another large-scale migration from Tahiti occurred 400 to 500 years later. Captain James Cook, who is recognized as the first European to discover the Hawaiian Islands in 1778, named it the Sandwich Islands. After Kamehameha I became monarch of the entire island in 1796, in the 19th century it was also called the Hawaiian Islands or Sandwich Islands, after Hawaii, the largest island in the archipelago.
After the first missionaries arrived from New England in 1820, changes began under the influence of Western culture. In 1840, a constitution modeled after several American and British laws was adopted, and the independence of the Kingdom of Hawaii was recognized by the United States, France, and Britain. However, Britain and France continued to plot to seize control of Hawaii, and in 1851 the Hawaiian Islands were made a US protectorate by King Kamehameha III.
In 1887, the United States secured the right to use Pearl Harbor as a naval base. Many Hawaiians and American stakeholders supported the annexation of the Hawaiian Islands to the United States, but President Grover Cleveland and others opposed it. Eventually, at the instigation of American sugar industry officials, a coup d’état overthrew the monarchy and established the Republic of Hawaii in 1893. In 1898, the republic and the United States agreed to annexation, and in 1900 became part of the United States. After becoming a major base for the U.S. Navy’s Pacific Fleet, the Japanese attack on U.S. naval facilities in Pearl Harbor in 1941 prompted the U.S. to enter World War II. In 1959, after World War II, Hawaii became the 50th state of the United States.
After becoming a US state, Hawaii’s population grew rapidly, and the number of tourists surged. In 1962, Honolulu Airport was expanded to an international level, and in the 1970s, foreign capital such as Japan flowed in, and new resort facilities were built on Hawaii Island, Kauai Island, Maui Island, and Molokai Island. On the other hand, primary industries such as sugar cane plantations, which had been the main industry in Hawaii, declined rapidly.
The impact of Hurricane Iniki in 1992 caused massive damage throughout Hawaii and contributed to the decline of basic industries such as farms. By the 2000s, agriculture was almost nominally maintained, with the main industry being tourism. In 2006, Northwestern Hawaii National Marine Sanctuary was established, and in 2007 the name was changed to Papahanaumokuakea National Marine Sanctuary.
major tourist attractions
Hawaii has many tourist attractions due to the intensive development of tourism resources and facilities on the natural conditions of the sky. National parks including Haleakaia National Park, Puhonuaohonaunau National Historical Park, Kalokohonokohau National Historical Park, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, Napali Coast State Park, Waianapanapa State Park, Waimea Canyon State Park State parks, such as , Polyhalle State Park, are natural parks managed directly by the federal and state governments.
Beaches such as Honolulu, Hanauma, Kanapali, Kailua, and Hapuna show the characteristics of Hawaii, and Hanakapiai Falls, Akaka Falls, Manoa Falls, and Wailua Falls are representative waterfalls. There are Lanai Cat Conservation Area and Hanauma Nature Conservation Area, which are wildlife habitats, and Hanaraba Cave, Kaumana Cave, Kulakai Cave, and Makauwahi Cave are also famous.
Museums and galleries such as the USS Arizona Memorial, the USS Missouri Memorial, the USS Bowfin Submarine Museum, the Bishop Museum, and the Thomas Jaga Museum are also popular courses for tourists to visit. You can find traditional goods and flea markets in the Maui shopping district.